Insurance adjusters can testify about claim investigations, policy interpretations, and factual observations. However, attorney-client privilege may protect communications with insurer-retained counsel. Work product doctrine might shield investigative materials prepared for litigation. Adjusters cannot offer expert opinions without qualification. Their testimony often addresses coverage decisions, investigation procedures, and recorded statements. Bias cross-examination explores employment relationships and claim denial incentives. Federal rules limit subsequent remedial measure evidence. Adjuster notes and claim files are discoverable absent privileges. Strategic decisions include whether adjuster testimony helps or hurts cases. Depositions preserve testimony and explore positions.