Subcontractor liability in construction creates independent duties for specialized trade work while potentially sharing site-wide responsibilities. Direct employer liability covers their own employees through workers’ compensation and safety duties. Creating hazardous conditions affecting other trades establishes broader liability exposure. Specialized knowledge imposes higher duties for trade-specific hazards like electrical or excavation work. Failing to coordinate with other trades causes accidents at intersection points. OSHA designates subcontractors as creating employers for their work hazards. Controlling employer status applies when directing other trades’ employees. Safety violations create negligence per se regardless of contractual limitations. Insurance coverage disputes arise from additional insured endorsements and exclusions. Indemnification agreements with general contractors face enforcement challenges. Multi-tier subcontracting dilutes control while maintaining safety responsibilities. Unlicensed subcontractors may face personal liability piercing corporate protections. Equipment providers doubling as subcontractors blur liability lines. Joint venture participation creates shared liability among partners. Understanding subcontractor liability helps identify responsible parties beyond general contractors for comprehensive recovery.